As organisations continue to try to achieve more with less, develop leaner systems and greater efficiency, the toll it takes on employees’ mental and physical health has climbed the agenda. Increased presenteeism – employees who attend work whilst ill – is one possible outcome of the pressure on organisations to remain competitive and boost productivity.
Being at work while you are ill may not be such a bad thing after all, suggests a new report on so-called ‘Presenteeism’ by the Institute for Employment Studies (IES). The report challenges the idea that workers have to be 100 per cent fit before going back to work and argues that the workplace can have beneficial effect on rehabilitation and recovery, even for workers with serious health conditions.
The report, ‘Presenteeism: A Review of Current Thinking’ by IES Principal Associate Dr Valerie Garrow, looks at research from across the world on the causes and impact of ‘Presenteeism’ – defined as ‘showing up to work when one is ill’.
While the report acknowledges that Presenteeism can be a negative phenomenon (risking cross-infection and increasing the chances of making some health conditions worse) it also suggests that employers should look at the positive benefits of some Presenteeism at work.
It seems particularly important to understand the relationship between absenteeism and presenteeism, as organisations drive down the former at the risk of increasing the latter. Organisations may also have concerns that driving down the latter will increase the former.
The evidence suggests that presenteeism is both more prevalent than absenteeism, and, unlike sickness absence, is also significantly related to performance. In the long term, presenteeism may also be more damaging for employees’ health, morale and productivity. The promotion of a healthy workplace should therefore drive down both – absenteeism and presenteeism, rather than one at the cost of the other.
“Of course we don’t want people to endanger their health further by coming to work unnecessarily,” said Dr Garrow. However, findings show very clearly that if people with ill-health are on the journey back to work after an illness or injury, having access to a phased or graduated return to work where they perform reduced duties or work fewer hours can benefit both them and their employer.
The report highlights that people with some forms of mental illness, those who have financial worries, and those fearful of losing their jobs are among the workers most likely to go to work when they are ill.
See: Presenteeism at Workplace: Why Do Employees Go to Work When Sick?
It further acknowledges that, in many cases, Presenteeism can be damaging to health and also represents a hidden cause of reduced productivity – becoming an even bigger burden than sickness absence from work in some sectors.
Professor Stephen Bevan, Head of HR Research Development at IES comments, “This report challenges employers to create environments where people with health problems feel confident to disclose them to their bosses so that they can get the help they need to use a gradual return to work to build their confidence and speed up recovery.”
“For some conditions, a good-quality job and a supportive boss can have genuinely therapeutic benefits and, for many people, being away from work for weeks can undermine their physical and psychological health.”
The report argues that, although Presenteeism with workers recovering and returning to work can represent a short-term reduction in productivity, it can also increase the chances of making a speedy and sustained return to full capacity. Managing Presenteeism positively can be a challenge to line managers and supervisors.
Dr Garrow explains, “The difficulty for line managers is that it can often require talking about sensitive subjects, which calls for trust that the line manager has the employee’s best interests at heart. The situation often demands some knowledge of the illness itself; what to expect and how to respond. Line managers need to balance the interests of the individual with those of the team. This means that line manager training and their collaboration with Occupational Health and HR is critical. They need to feel confident that they are acting appropriately, and giving correct guidance to their staff.”
Also read: How to Manage Chronically Ill Employees with Excessive Absenteeism?
Image credit: progressiveimpact.org
